Shell and tube heat exchangers are critical components in the refining industry, used extensively to transfer heat between two fluids efficiently. They consist of a series of tubes, one set carrying the hot fluid and the other set carrying the cold fluid, all enclosed within a cylindrical shell. This setup allows for significant heat transfer while maintaining the separation of fluids, which is essential for various refining processes. These heat exchangers are renowned for their versatility, durability, and efficiency, making them ideal for handling the high temperatures and pressures involved in refining crude oil into usable products. Notably, they are also increasingly used in renewable fuel and biofuel applications, where they help ensure the efficient processing of alternative energy sources.