Shell and tube heat exchangers are essential equipment in the food and beverage industry, particularly in milk and dairy processing. These heat exchangers consist of a series of tubes housed within a cylindrical shell, where heat is transferred between two fluids—one passing through the tubes and the other outside the tubes within the shell. Used extensively in pasteurization and sterilization, shell and tube heat exchangers ensure that milk and dairy products achieve the necessary thermal treatment to kill harmful microorganisms while preserving the nutritional quality and flavor of the products. They offer high efficiency, durability, and ease of maintenance, making them ideal for large-scale, continuous operations typical in dairy processing plants.